History - Learn With Islam

📖 25 Prophets Mentioned in the Quran – A Legacy of Guidance

Adam (AS)

(آدم)

The first human and Prophet, created by Allah. Taught mankind knowledge, tested in Jannah, and sent to Earth as the first Khalifa. 🏡✨

Idris

(إدريس)

A wise Prophet known for his deep knowledge, patience, and devotion. He was raised to a high station by Allah. 📖☁️

Nuh (AS)

(نوح)

Preached for 950 years but only a few believed. Built an ark to save believers from the great flood. 🌊🛶

Hud (AS)

(هود)

Sent to the people of ‘Ad, who were arrogant and disbelieved. Warned them, but they rejected him and faced Allah’s punishment. 🌪️⚡

Salih (AS)

(صالح)

Preached to the people of Thamud. They rejected his message and killed the miraculous she-camel, leading to their destruction. 🐪🏜️

Ibrahim (AS)

(إبراهيم)

Father of prophets, tested with fire, left his family in Makkah, and built the Kaaba with Ismail (عليه السلام). 🔥🕋

Lut (AS)

(لوط)

Warned his people against their sins, but they refused. Allah sent destruction upon them, saving only Lut and his righteous followers. ⚡🏠

Ismail (AS)

(إسماعيل)

Son of Ibrahim (عليه السلام), known for his patience and obedience. Helped build the Kaaba and was nearly sacrificed for Allah’s command. 🕋🔪

Ishaq (AS)

(إسحاق)

Son of Ibrahim (عليه السلام), a noble Prophet who continued the mission of spreading the message of monotheism. 🌟🤲

Yaqub (AS)

(يعقوب)

Also known as Israel, father of the twelve tribes. Loved his son Yusuf (عليه السلام) dearly and endured great hardships. 💖

Yusuf (AS)

(يوسف)

Betrayed by his brothers and sold into slavery, but later became a respected ruler due to his wisdom and patience. 🏛️🌾

Shuayb (AS)

(شعيب)

Sent to the people of Madyan, warning against fraud and dishonesty. They rejected him and faced Allah’s wrath. ⚖️🔥

Ayyub (AS)

(أيوب)

Tested with severe illness and loss, but remained patient and devoted. Allah rewarded him with health and blessings. 🤲❤️

Dhulkifl (AS)

(ذو الكفل)

Known for his righteousness, patience, and devotion to justice. Some scholars believe he was a judge or leader. ⚖️🕌

Musa (AS)

(موسى)

The Prophet of Bani Israel, led them out of Egypt, and received the Torah on Mount Sinai. Split the sea by Allah’s will. 🌊📜

Harun (AS)

(هارون)

Brother of Musa (عليه السلام), assisted him in spreading Allah’s message to Pharaoh and guiding Bani Israel. 🤝🏜️

Dawud (AS)

(داوود)

Defeated Jalut (Goliath), became a wise king, and received the Zabur (Psalms). Known for his beautiful recitation. 🎶👑

Sulaiman (AS)

(سليمان)

A powerful king and Prophet, granted control over jinn, wind, and animals. Built magnificent structures. 🏰🦅

Ilyas (AS)

(إلياس)

Called people to worship Allah alone, but many rejected him. He was taken up by Allah and remains honored. ☁️🌿

Alyasa (AS)

(اليسع)

Succeeded Ilyas (عليه السلام) in guiding people towards righteousness. Little is known, but he was highly devoted. 📖✨

Yunus (AS)

(يونس)

Swallowed by a whale after leaving his people, but repented and was saved by Allah’s mercy. His people later believed. 🐋🌊

Zakariya (AS)

(زكريا)

A devoted Prophet who prayed for a righteous son. Allah blessed him with Yahya (عليه السلام) in old age.

Yahya (AS)

(يحيى)

A noble Prophet known for his piety and wisdom. He preached righteousness and was martyred. 📖🕊️

Isa (AS)

(عيسى)

Born miraculously to Maryam (عليها السلام), healed the sick, and brought the Gospel. He was raised to heaven by Allah. ✨👑

Muhammad (ﷺ)

(محمد)

The final Prophet, sent as a mercy to all mankind. Received the Quran, established Islam, and led people to the truth. 🌍📖

The Rightly Guided Caliphs (الخلفاء الراشدون) - (Khulafa-e-Rashideen)

Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA)

(أبو بكر الصديق)
(632–634 CE)

The first Caliph and closest companion of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Led with justice, fought apostasy, and compiled the Quran. 🕌📖

Umar ibn Al-Khattab

(عمر بن الخطاب)

(634–644 CE)

Known for his strength, justice, and governance. Expanded the Islamic empire and established fair laws for all. ⚖️🌍

Uthman ibn Affan

(عثمان بن عفان)

(644–656 CE)

A generous leader who compiled the Quran into one official version. His rule saw expansion but ended in martyrdom. 📜🕊️

Ali ibn Abi Talib

(علي بن أبي طالب)

(656–661 CE)

A courageous warrior, wise scholar, and the cousin of the Prophet ﷺ. His leadership was marked by wisdom and justice. 🗡️📖

🕌 The Umayyad Caliphate (الخلافة الأموية)

Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan

(661–680 CE)

Founder of the Umayyad dynasty, known for his diplomacy and establishing a strong administration. ⚔️🏛️

Yazid ibn Mu'awiya

(680–683 CE)

His rule was marked by the tragic events of Karbala and political unrest. ⚔️

Marwan ibn al-Hakam

(684–685 CE)

Restored Umayyad power after civil wars and set the stage for further expansion. 🏛️

Abdul Malik ibn Marwan

(685–705 CE)

Strengthened the empire, introduced Arabic as the official language, and built the Dome of the Rock. 🕌📜

Al-Walid ibn Abdul Malik

(705–715 CE)

Expanded the empire to Spain and Central Asia, built mosques, and improved infrastructure. 🏗️🌍

Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik

(715–717 CE)

Continued expansion efforts and focused on governance and administration. ⚖️📜

Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz

(717–720 CE)

Known as the "Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph," he ruled with justice, reformed taxation, and promoted Islamic teachings. ⚖️🌿

Yazid Ibn Abdul Malik

(720–724 CE)

His rule was marked by economic prosperity but internal unrest. 💰🏛️

Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik

(724–743 CE)

A strong administrator who stabilized the empire and improved military campaigns. ⚔️🕌

Al-Walid II Ibn Yazid

(743–744 CE)

His rule faced opposition due to extravagant lifestyle and internal divisions. ⚠️🏰

Yazid III Ibn Al-Walid

(744 CE)

Short rule aimed at reform but faced resistance. ⚖️📜

Ibrahim ibn Al-Walid

(744 CE)

Briefly ruled before being overthrown during political instability. ⚠️

Marwan II Ibn Muhammad

(744–750 CE)

The last Umayyad caliph, defeated by the Abbasids, ending the dynasty. ⚔️🏴

🌍 The Abbasid Caliphate (الخلافة العباسية)

Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah

(750–754 CE)

Founder of the Abbasid dynasty, overthrew the Umayyads and established Baghdad as a center of power. ⚔️🏛️

Al-Mansur

(754–775 CE)

Strengthened the empire, founded Baghdad as the capital, and promoted economic growth. 🏗️📜

Al-Mahdi

(775–785 CE)

Expanded trade, improved relations with non-Muslims, and promoted Islamic scholarship. 📖💰

Al-Hadi

(785–786 CE)

Short reign marked by internal conflicts over succession. ⚠️🏰

Harun al-Rashid

(786–809 CE)

Golden Age of the Abbasid era, known for prosperity, scientific advancements, and the House of Wisdom. 📚✨

Al-Amin

(809–813 CE)

His reign led to a civil war with his brother Al-Ma'mun, weakening the empire. ⚔️🏴

Al-Ma'mun

(813–833 CE)

Promoted science, philosophy, and translation movements in the Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom). 📖🔬

Al-Mu'tasim

(833–842 CE)

Strengthened the military and introduced Turkish slave soldiers (Mamluks). ⚔️🏹

Al-Wathiq

(842–847 CE)

Continued cultural advancements and maintained stability. 🏛️📚

Al-Mutawakkil

(847–861 CE)

Opposed rationalist ideas and returned to orthodox Sunni beliefs, but faced internal strife. 📜⚠️

Al-Muntasir

(861–862 CE)

Brief rule marked by court tensions and political instability. 🏰📜

Al-Musta'in

(862–866 CE)

Struggled against military factions and was eventually overthrown. ⚔️🏴

Al-Mu'tazz

(866–869 CE)

Faced economic crises and military revolts, leading to his downfall. 💰⚠️

Al-Muhtadi

(869–870 CE)

Tried to restore Abbasid power but was overthrown by rebellious factions. ⚔️🏛️

Al-Mu'tamid

(870–892 CE)

Faced challenges from breakaway regions but maintained Abbasid rule. 🌍📜

Al-Mu'tadid

(892–902 CE)

Strengthened central authority and expanded administrative control. ⚖️🏰

Al-Muktafi

(902–908 CE)

Focused on maintaining peace and controlling rebellious territories. 🏛️⚔️

Al-Muqtadir

(908–932 CE)

Young ruler, under whom the Abbasids lost political strength to military commanders. ⚠️🏴

Al-Qahir

(932–934 CE)

Harsh ruler, removed due to his oppressive rule. ⚖️⚠️

Ar-Radi

(934–940 CE)

Last Abbasid caliph with actual power before the rise of military influence. ⚔️🏛️

Al-Muttaqi

(940–944 CE)

Weak ruler dominated by military leaders. ⚠️📜

Al-Mustakfi

(944–946 CE)

Removed as Abbasid power declined under the Buyid Dynasty. ⚔️🏴

Al-Muti

(946–974 CE)

Powerless against Buyid rulers, marking Abbasid decline. 📜⚠️

At-Ta'i

(974–991 CE)

Continued decline under foreign rule. 🏴📜

Al-Qadir

(991–1031 CE)

Focused on preserving Sunni Islam and resisting Shi'a influence. 📖

Al-Qa'im

(1031–1075 CE)

Faced challenges from the Buyids and later the Seljuks, who took real power.

Al-Muqtadi

(1075–1094 CE)

Ruled under Seljuk dominance but maintained religious authority.

Al-Mustazhir

(1094–1118 CE)

Witnessed the start of the Crusades

Al-Mustarshid

(1118–1135 CE)

Tried to regain power but was killed in battle.

Al-Rashid

(1135–1136 CE)

Overthrown by his uncle.

Al-Muqtafi

(1136–1160 CE)

Strengthened the Abbasid rule in Baghdad.

Al-Mustanjid

(1160–1170 CE)

Continued Abbasid revival efforts.

Al-Mustadi

(1170–1180 CE)

Ruled during the rise of Salahuddin Ayyubi (Saladin).

Al-Nasir

(1180–1225 CE)

The longest-ruling Abbasid caliph, tried to regain power.

Al-Zahir

(1225–1226 CE)

Short reign, continued reforms.

Al-Mustansir

(1226–1242 CE)

Founded the famous Mustansiriya University in Baghdad.

Al-Musta'sim

(1242–1258 CE)

The last Abbasid caliph of Baghdad, killed during the Mongol invasion.

Al-Zahir

(1225–1226 CE)

Short reign, continued reforms.

Abbasid Caliphs in Cairo

(1261–1517 CE)

Short reign, continued reforms.

🏛️ The Ottoman Caliphate (الخلافة العثمانية)

Selim I

(1517–1520 CE)

First Ottoman Caliph, expanded the empire into Egypt & Arabia.

Suleiman the Magnificent

(1520–1566 CE)

Greatest Ottoman ruler, expanded the empire & strengthened Islamic law.

Selim II

(1566–1574 CE)

Lost control of Cyprus but continued Ottoman rule.

Murad III

(1574–1595 CE)

Expanded into Persia and the Caucasus.

Mehmed III

(1595–1603 CE)

Led wars against Austria and Persia.

Ahmed I

(1603–1617 CE)

Built the famous Blue Mosque in Istanbul.

Mustafa I

(1617–1618, 1622–1623 CE)

Weak rule, deposed twice.

Osman II

(1618–1622 CE)

Killed by his own Janissaries (elite Ottoman soldiers).

Murad IV

(1623–1640 CE)

Strict ruler, banned alcohol & tobacco.

Ibrahim I

(1640–1648 CE)

Known for his instability, later executed.

Mehmed IV

(1648–1687 CE)

Longest-reigning Ottoman Sultan, but lost key battles.

Suleiman II

(1687–1691 CE)

Rebuilt Ottoman military.

Ahmed II

(1691–1695 CE)

Continued wars against Austria and Russia.

Mustafa II

(1695–1703 CE)

Lost Hungary to Austria.

Ahmed III

(1703–1730 CE)

Led wars against Austria and Persia.

Mahmud I

(1730–1754 CE)

Strengthened Ottoman military.

Osman III

(1754–1757 CE)

Ruled for a short time.

Mustafa III

(1757–1774 CE)

Tried to modernize the empire.

Abdul Hamid I

(1774–1789 CE)

Lost Crimea to Russia.

Selim III

(1789–1807 CE)

Started reforms but was overthrown.

Mustafa IV

(1807–1808 CE)

Brief rule, later executed.

Mahmud II

(1808–1839 CE)

Modernized Ottoman administration.

Abdulmecid I

(1839–1861 CE)

Introduced major reforms (Tanzimat).

Abdulaziz

(1861–1876 CE)

First Ottoman Sultan to visit Europe.

Murad V

(1876 CE)

Ruled for only 93 days before being removed.

Abdul Hamid II

(1876–1909 CE)

Last powerful Ottoman ruler, ended the Caliph's real authority.

Mehmed V

(1909–1918 CE)

Ruled during World War I, lost the empire’s power.

Mehmed VI

(1918–1922 CE)

Last Sultan, exiled after the empire collapsed.

Abdulmecid II

(1922–1924 CE)

Last Caliph, Caliphate abolished in 1924 by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.